What a great start! I know it was tough but thank you for sticking with me and not giving up on yourself. You learned a lot and I think most of you performed better than you thought you would. Remember, this is the place that I will keep all of our information arranged by chapter so you will have a study guide for the final exam.
Subject Pronouns
yo = I
tú = you (familiar)
él = he, ella = she, usted = you (formal)
nosotros = we
vosotros = you (familiar plural, SP)
ellos = they, ellas = they, ustedes = you (formal plural, familiar LA)
Foundational Key to Subject Verb Agreement
Present Indicative Tense Endings
-AR verb endings
-o -amos
-as -áis
-a -an
-ER verb endings
-o -emos
-es -éis
-e -en
-IR verb endings
-o -imos
-es -ís
-e -en
Gustar Phrase with Indirect Object Pronouns
A mí me gusta/n ---- A nosotros nos gusta/n
A ti te gusta/n ------ A vosotros os gusta/n
A él le gusta/n ------ A ellos les gusta/n
Colors as Adjectives- Follow the rules:
los zapatos rojos
las camisetas amarillas
las camisas anaranjadas
las botas azules
las chaquetas marrones
los calcetines blancos
el vestido negro
la falda verde
la bufanda morada
el suéter rosado
Present Indicative Tense (Stem Change Verbs)
Stem changes happen in the stem of a conjugated verb.
Pensar: to think or to plan RULE: e>ie
pienso ---- pensamos
piensas --- pensáis
piensa ---- piensan
Pedir: to order or to ask for RULE: e>i
pido ------ pedimos
pides ----- pedís
pide ------ piden
Dormir: to sleep RULE: o>ue
duermo ---- dormimos
duermes --- dormís
duerme ---- duermen
Jugar: to play (sports or games) RULE: u>ue
juego ------ jugamos
juegas ----- jugáis
juega ------ juegan
Present Indicative Tense (Irregular Yo Form Verbs)
These irregularities happen in the first person singular only.
hacer --- yo hago
poner --- yo pongo
tener --- yo tengo
caer ---- yo caigo
traer --- yo traigo
oír ------ yo oigo
salir ---- yo salgo
venir --- yo vengo
decir ---- yo digo
ir ------- yo voy
ser ------ yo soy
dar ------ yo doy
estar ---- yo estoy
saber ---- yo sé
conocer -- yo conozco
ver ----- yo veo
Be sure you know the definition of these verbs, as well.
Use of SER, ESTAR and TENER
Tener- to have, also used in the idiomatic phrase for age and the phrase of obligation.
Tengo pelo negro y corto. Tengo quince años. Tengo que estudiar para el examen mañana.
Ser- to be, personality and character descriptions. Concrete descriptions
Soy inteligente y cómico. Soy alto y rubio. Soy estudiante y soy de México.
Estar- to be, located or feeling. Temporal descriptions.
Estoy contento y estoy en la clase de español.
The next chapter is the travel chapter and we begin the preterite tense! Fun! Fun! Come ready to be challenged and learn! :)
